Tuesday, June 26, 2012

Sistem kendali Manual dan Otomtasi


 Kemajuan dunia teknologi ditandai dengan berkembang dan meningkatnya metoda pemantauan dan pengendalian lingkungannya dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan untuk beradaptasi, memperkirakan, menurunkan resiko dan menghilangkan efek buruk terhadap kehidupan dan lingkungan. Istilah instrumentasi berarti alat-alat yang digunakan untuk mengkontrol, sedangkan istilah kontrol berarti mengendalikan sesuatu sesuai dengan yang kita inginkan. Fungsi dari instrumentasi dan kontrol adalah :
 1.    Penilaian harga atau kualitas (Value or quality assessment) - merupakan tujuan utama pengukuran dalam peradaban manusia.
2.     Keselamatan dan Proteksi (Safety and Protection) – bertujuan memantau dan mendeteksi situasi berbahaya tertentu untuk menentukan aksi adaptif, protektif danpreventif; misalnya tujuan pemantauan suhu untuk menentukan tindakan adaptif atau protektif.
3.     Kendali otomatis (Automatic Control) – yaitu menggantikan manusia dengan msein/peraltan yang berfungsi sebagai pengontrol sebuah proses.
4.     Pengumpulan data (Data collection) – bertujuan sebagai informasi untuk menganalisis penyebab gangguan dan pengembangan model proses yang lebih baik.
Teknologi kontrol pertama kali dikembangkan memanfaatkan manusia sebagai pengontrolnya, setelah teknologi mesin, elektronik dan komputer ditemukan mulailah tenaga manusia diganti dengan peralatan tersebut sehingga disebutlah istilah kontrol otomatis (automatic control).



Kontrol Manual/Manusia

Gambar  Kontrol Level Manual (Manual Level Control).

Pada gambar di atas kita bisa lihat bagaimana manusia sebagai pengontrol pada proses pengisian air dalam tangki. Ketika level air mendekati level high-nya dengan mata manusia sebagai sensor maka dengan tangannya manusia akan membuka valve outlet sehingga level tangki tetap terjaga agar air tidak tumpah ke luar.

Kontrol Otomatis
Kontrol otomatis adalah proses kontrol menggunakan mesin/alat pengontrol, hal ini dapat ditunjukkan pada gambar di bawah ini :

Gambar  Kontrol Level Otomatis cairan dalam tangki.

Sensor level berfungsi untuk mengetahui level di dalam tangki, ketika sensor mengirim sinyal bahwa level tangki high, maka kontroller memerintah actuator untuk membuka valve sehingga level air dalam tangki tidak akan tumpah ke luar. Untuk tujuan pemeliharaan, banyak alat ukur dilapangan (field instruments) juga dilengkapi dengan indikator lokal, yaitu harga yang terukur ditunjukkan di lokal dan juga dikirim sebagai sinyal ke pusat kontrol.

Gambar Instrumentasi untuk kontrol level otomatis
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Friday, December 2, 2011

The mbed Microcontrollers LPC1768


The mbed Microcontrollers LPC1768  from ARM..

You can see picture

LPC1768 have 40 PIN or 40 I/O
Microcontrollers excess Ethernet so its is can connect to world

The mbed microcontrollers support lots of interfaces, so you can connect them to all sorts of input and output circuits and modules.
Downloading programs is as simple as using a USB Flash Drive. Plug it in, drop on your program binary, and you're up and running!
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Sunday, July 24, 2011

Analog Input PLC

An analog input is an input signal that has a continuous signal. Typical analog inputs may vary from 0 to 20 milliamps, 4 to 20 milliamps, or 0 to 10 volts. In the following example, a level transmitter monitors the level of liquid in a tank. Depending on the level transmitter, the signal to the PLC can either increase or decrease as the level increases or decreases. 

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Discrete Input PLC

A discrete input, also referred to as a digital input, is an input that is either in an ON or OFF condition. Pushbuttons, toggle switches, limit switches, proximity switches, and contact closures are examples of discrete sensors which are connected to the PLCs discrete or digital inputs. In the ON condition a discrete input may be referred to as a logic 1 or a logic high. In the OFF condition a discrete input may be referred to as a logic 0 or a logic low.

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Tuesday, June 28, 2011

Actuator With Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

The language of PLCs consists of a commonly used set of terms; many of which are unique to PLCs. In order to understand the ideas and concepts of PLCs, an understanding of these terms is necessary

Actuator With PLC
 
Actuators  : Actuators convert an electrical signal from the PLC into a physical condition. Actuators are connected to the PLC output. A motor starter is one example of an actuator that is connected to the PLC output. Depending on the output PLC signal the motor starter will either start or stop the motor.
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Monday, June 27, 2011

Sensor With Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

The language of PLCs consists of a commonly used set of terms; many of which are unique to PLCs. In order to understand the ideas and concepts of PLCs, an understanding of these terms is necessary.


Sensor With PLC

Sensor :  A sensor is a device that converts a physical condition into an electrical signal for use by the PLC. Sensors are connected to the input of a PLC. A pushbutton is one example of a sensor that is connected to the PLC input. An electrical signal is sent from the pushbutton to the PLC indicating the condition (open/ closed) of the pushbutton contacts.


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Basic PLC

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), also referred to as programmable controllers, are in the computer family.They are used in commercial and industrial applications. A PLC monitors inputs, makes decisions based on its program, and controls outputs to automate a process or machine.This course is meant to supply you with basic information on the functions and configurations of PLCs

Interface PLC

Basic PLC Operation     PLCs consist of input modules or points, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and output modules or points. An input accepts a variety of digital or analog signals from various field devices (sensors) and converts them into a logic signal that can be used by the CPU.The CPU makes decisions and executes control instructions based on program instructions in memory. Output modules convert control instructions from the CPU into a digital or analog signal that can be used to control various field devices (actuators). A programming device is used to input the desired instructions.These instructions determine what the PLC will do for a specific input. An operator interface device allows process information to be displayed and new control parameters to be entered


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